| 課程與核心能力關聯配比(%) |
課程目標之教學方法與評量方法 |
| 課程目標 |
核心能力 |
配比(%) |
教學方法 |
評量方法 |
| This course introduces the students to the morphology of insects. On completion of the course the students will acquire a strong and contemporary foundation in insect comparative morphology and understand its basic principles; become familiar with the functional morphology of all important external parts and inner organs and organ-systems of the insect body, their homologies, terminology and function; acquire appropriate technical competence and laboratory skills (observation, dissection, documentation) in insect morphology; and improve their English vocabulary, listening and oral skills. |
| 1.具備昆蟲學之專業知識 |
| 2.具備自然科學之專業知識 |
| 3.具備昆蟲學相關研究能力 |
| 4.具備運用昆蟲學相關知識與技術之能力 |
| 5.具備昆蟲種類鑑識專業能力 |
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| 授課內容(單元名稱與內容、習作/每週授課、考試進度-共18週) |
| 週次 |
授課內容 |
| 第1週 |
General principles of arthropod morphology. Homology and homology criteria. General organization of the arthropod body. A brief overview of embyonic development. Gastrulation and germ layers, primary and secondary body cavities and their fate during embryogenesis. Segmentation and its regulation; primary and secondary body segments. Tagmata. Serial homologies of segments of different arthropod classes: facts and unresolved problems.
The ectodermal body wall and its derivatives. Sclerites and associated cuticular structures (ridges, sutures, sulci). Articulations, apodemes and other muscle attachment surfaces. Structure of the cuticle; ecdysis. Cuticular derivatives on the outer body surface and cuticular invaginations.
The segmental appendages. General structure, major evolutionary modifications.
The head. Serial homologies of the cephalic segments and their appendages; the arthropod head problem; different interpretations, unresolved problems, recent developments. Gross morphology of the exo- and endoskeleton of the insect head, problems of homologization. Cephalic appendages. The antennae. The mouthparts and their derivation from paired segmental limbs. Most important modifications of the mouthparts in different orders. Modes of feeding.
The thorax. Origin of the pleural region. Primary and secondary sternum. The thoracic legs. Structure, functional aspects. Specialized modifications. The pretarsus and its adhesive structures.
The wings. Origin: classical theories (tergal, appendicular) in the light of modern developmental data; unresolved problems. General structure. Wing articulation; the axillary region. Wing folding; functional and evolutionary aspects. Subdivisions of the alar area; some elementary principles of the wing venation. Wing muscles; flight.
The abdomen. Gross morphology: sclerotizations of the pregenital abdomen; organs supposedly derived from abdominal appendages, unresolved problems about their origin and homologization.
The ectodermal genitalia of the male and the female. Problems of homologization and evolutionary origin: appendicular or secondary origin? Functional considerations. Important or interesting specializations in particular insect groups in respect of copulation and oviposition.
An introduction to insect splanchnology. Compartmentalization of the insect body cavity. The haemolymph. The organs of circulation. The respiratory system and its adaptation for various habitats.
The alimentary tract. Embryonic development, ectodermal and endodermal sections, functional morphology of the main portions, specialized modifications assisting digestion and absorption. The Malpighi-tubules and their function.
The nervous system and the sensory organs. Gross morphology, neuromeres of the head, ganglia. A brief introduction to the histological structure of the insect brain. The sensory organs.
The internal genitalia. Functional morphology of the gonads. The ovary, different types of ovarioles and oogenesis. The testes, spermatogenesis. The mesodermal genital tracts and associated structures. |
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| 學習評量方式 |
Short tests in the beginning of each lab class: 20%
Lab notebook: 10%
Mid-semester test results: 30%
Final test : 40% |
| 教科書＆參考書目(書名、作者、書局、代理商、說明) |
Main textbooks below; additional handouts will be provided.
Beutel, R.G., Friedrich, F., Ge, S.Q. & Yang, X.K. 2014. Insect morphology and phylogeny. A textbook for students of entomology. De Gruyter, Berlin and Boston, xv+516 pp.
Snodgrass, R.E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill, New York, ix+667 pp.
Snodgrass, R.E. [without year]. 昆蟲形态原理（上、下）。（吳蘭林譯。）國立中興大學昆蟲系，台中，pp. i–iv, 1–319, 321–645. [A Chinese edition of Snodgrass 1935] |
| 課程教材（教師個人網址請列在本校內之網址） |
| tbd |
| 課程輔導時間 |
| tbd |
| 聯合國全球永續發展目標(連結網址) |
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